Understanding the structural features of DNA and RNA at the atomic level is crucial for deciphering the ‘codes’ of gene expression/regulation, and for designing new therapeutics and nanomaterials. In addition to carrying genetic information, nucleic acids contain structural, regulatory, and enzymatic signals related to their cellular functions. The w3DNA 2.0 server is freely available, without registration, at. Featurewise, w3DNA 2.0 employs the most recent version of 3DNA, enhanced with many new functionalities, including: the automatic handling of modified nucleotides a set of ‘simple’ base-pair and step parameters for qualitative characterization of non-Watson–Crick double-helical structures new structural parameters that integrate the rigid base plane and the backbone phosphate group, the two nucleic acid components most reliably determined with X-ray crystallography in silico base mutations that preserve the backbone geometry and a notably improved module for building models of single-stranded RNA, double-helical DNA, Pauling triplex, G-quadruplex, or DNA structures ‘decorated’ with proteins. Technically, w3DNA 2.0 implements a simple and intuitive interface (with sensible defaults) for increased usability, and it complies with HTML5 web standards for broad accessibility. The w3DNA 2.0 server presented here overcomes all known shortcomings of w3DNA while maintaining its battle-tested characteristics. However, due to the lack of updates, w3DNA has clearly shown its age in terms of modern web technologies and it has long lagged behind further developments of 3DNA per se.
Since its initial release in 2009, the w3DNA server has continuously served the community by making commonly-used features of the 3DNA suite of command-line programs readily accessible. Web 3DNA (w3DNA) 2.0 is a significantly enhanced version of the widely used w3DNA server for the analysis, visualization, and modeling of 3D nucleic-acid-containing structures.
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